A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old and about a sixth are aged 60 and older. The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. [99], Uruguay's long tradition of freedom of the press was severely curtailed during the years of military dictatorship. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. [24] The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (cuchillas) with a fertile coastal lowland. [12] Uruguay is regarded as one of the most socially progressive countries in Latin America. [69] Winter temperatures range from a daily average of 11C (52F) in the south to 14C (57F) in the north, while summer average daily temperatures range from 21C (70F) in the southeast to 25C (77F) in the northwest. Ryan K. Olsen Region. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. Daily meals vary between meats, pasta of all types, rice, sweet desserts and others. [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. [25] The Post-Impressionist painter Pedro Figari achieved international renown for his pastel studies of subjects in Montevideo and the countryside. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). [150] Although Argentine holidaymakers are an important target market for tourism in Uruguay, in recent years the country has managed to position itself as an important tourist destination to other markets, receiving a high flow of visitors from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay and the United States, among others. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. A wave of bands appeared in Montevideo, including Los Shakers, Los Mockers, Los Iracundos, Los Moonlights, and Los Malditos, who became major figures in the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. [113], Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. The two countries disagree on which tributary represents the legitimate source of the Quara/Cuareim River, which would define the border in the latter disputed section, according to the 1851 border treaty between the two countries. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). Blending elements of art and nature the work of the landscape architect Leandro Silva Delgado[es] has also earned international prominence. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. The United States and Uruguay established diplomatic relations in 1867. [41] During this authoritarian period, the government took steps toward the organization of the country as a modern state, encouraging its economic and social transformation. [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. [32] Uruguay's early 19th-century history was shaped by ongoing fights for dominance in the Platine region,[32] between British, Spanish, Portuguese and other colonial forces. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. (2011). Uruguay is the second-smallest country in South America, wedged between Argentina and Brazil. He has been serving as a member of the Twelfth Quorum of the Seventy in the Utah Area. [91], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. WebUruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ros and Corrientes, against the province of Buenos Aires; the third and by far the most important, in 186470, in alliance with Argentina and Uruguay, against Paraguay had their roots in the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. [170], Football was taken to Uruguay by English sailors and labourers in the late 19th century. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", "Uruguay returns to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance", Uruguay To Lift Ban On Gays In The Military, "Uruguayan Major General appointed head of UN mission in India and Pakistan", "Building out: Uruguay exports architectural services to India and Latin America", "Uruguay's Frente Amplio: From Revolution to Dilution", "Uruguay's record-setting economic growth streak", "Uruguay Rate Rise 'Strong Signal,' Bergara, Lorenzo Say", "IMF anticipates 'soft-landing' of Uruguay's economy in next two years", "Uruguay's GDP Rose 10.4% in Second quarter From Year Before on Transport", "Uruguay's debt/GDP ratio down after five quarters running increases", "Uruguay becomes first nation to legalise marijuana trade", "Uruguay has 3.8 cattle per capita, highest in the world", "Jos Ignacio, an Uruguayan Resort Town That's Chic, but So Far Not Famous", "Overview: Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay Trade Relations", "Montevideo port becomes most advanced container terminal in South America", "Logistics, infrastructure and communications", "New Carrasco terminal among the "most beautiful airports in the world", "Pluna: reunin de conciliacin entre el Estado y Leadgate", "Omnibus Interior Catlogo de Datos Abiertos", "Uruguay privatization scheme jolted by opposition", "Uruguay, Latin America's Renewable Champion", "Uruguay makes dramatic shift to nearly 95% electricity from clean energy", "Uruguay is now generating 95% of its electricity from renewable energy", "Uruguay has shifted to getting 95% of its electricity from renewables in less than 10 years", "Atlas Sociodemografico y de la Desigualdad en Uruguay, 2011: Ancestry", "Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs", "Uruguay: South America's best-kept secret? [18] The country has legalized cannabis, same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. Uruguay extendi la emergencia agropecuaria hasta fines de abril y agreg ms rubros productivos La medida incluye prstamos blandos, aplazamientos de impuestos y rebaja en tarifas de servicios Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [33], In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. The language spoken there is Spanish. Since its independence, the country has been known as "Repblica Oriental del Uruguay", which literally translates to "Republic East of the Uruguay [River]". [33] Once the troops from Buenos Aires had withdrawn, the Banda Oriental appointed its first autonomous government. Uruguay is a country in South America. Social spending was reduced and many state-owned companies were privatized. [153] The system is divided into six levels of education: early childhood (35 years); primary (611 years); basic secondary (1214 years); upper secondary (1517 years); higher education (18 and up); and post-graduate education. Punta del Este adjoins the city of Maldonado, while to its northeast along the coast are found the smaller resorts of La Barra and Jos Ignacio. The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has called 164 new mission presidents and companions; most will begin service in July. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. [102] While unemployment is still at a low level, the IMF observed a rise in inflationary pressures,[103] and Uruguay's GDP expanded by 10.4% for the first half of 2010. Less successfully, they introduced rugby and cricket. It is the second-smallest country in South America (after Suriname ). Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. The military government persecuted leftists, socialists, and political opponents, resulting in deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985. People on file as opponents of the regime were excluded from the civil service and from education. By 1879, the total population of the country was over 438,500. manufacturing plant. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. WebUruguay le na pobe Atlantskho ocenu, v regionu Cono Sur. Understand The name Uruguay means river of the colorful birds. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. National extreme temperatures at sea level are, 44C (111F) in Paysand city (20 January 1943) and Florida city (January 14, 2022),[71] and 11.0C (12.2F) in Melo city (14 June 1967). [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. [95], In 1991, the country experienced an increase in strikes to obtain wage compensation to offset inflation and to oppose the privatizations desired by the government of Luis Alberto Lacalle. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. The first Sanguinetti administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democracy following the country's years under military rule.[32]. [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. [53] Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating, one of only two in South America. President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. WebThe history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (15161811), the Period of Nation-Building (18111830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830). [32] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. Keith M. Dunford, 61, and Lori B. Dunford, eight children, Snowflake 9th Ward, Snowflake Arizona Stake: Uruguay Montevideo West Mission, succeeding President Ryan K. Olsen and Sister Julie Olsen. The country name of Uruguay derives from the namesake Ro Uruguay, from the Indigenous Guaran language. The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. The system is government owned, and there have been controversial proposals to partially privatize since the 1990s.[126]. In exchange, those receiving the benefits were required to participate in community work, ensure that their children attended school daily, and had regular health check-ups. [164] Uruguay won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympic Games[165] and again in 1928 in Amsterdam. Yet after two centuries living in the shadow of its neighbors, South Americas smallest country is finally getting a little well-deserved recognition. [23], In Spanish colonial times, and for some time thereafter, Uruguay and some neighboring territories were called Banda Oriental [del Uruguay] ("Eastern Bank [of the Uruguay River]"), then for a few years the "Eastern Province". However, simply walking the streets allows tourists to experience the city's colorful culture. In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. [65], Located entirely within the southern temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide. [51] Both presidents continued the economic structural reforms initiated after the reinstatement of democracy and other important reforms were aimed at improving the electoral system, social security, education, and public safety. He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo Mission from 2016 to 2019. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. One of the most consumed spreadables in Uruguay is Dulce de leche (a caramel confection from Latin America prepared by slowly heating sugar and milk). One of the effects of this high level of unionization was to reduce socio-economic inequalities. [103] Gross public sector debt contracted in the second quarter of 2010, after five consecutive periods of sustained increase, reaching $21.885billion US dollars, equivalent to 59.5% of the GDP. Wedged like a grape between Brazils gargantuan thumb and Argentinas long forefinger, Uruguay has always been something of an underdog. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828, following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain, and later Argentina and Brazil. [167] Uruguay has won the Copa Amrica (an international tournament for South American nations and guests) 15 times, such as Argentina, the last one in 2011. [89] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235km2 (91sqmi) Invernada River region near Masoller. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898sqmi) and has a population of an estimated 3.4million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. [25] Its median age is 35.3 years, is higher than the global average[32] due to its low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration among younger people. 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